此内容为您提供了管道系统压力测试的示例规范。此内容对现场检查员很有用。
1。一般 - 管道系统的压力测试
1。1。SCOPE
该规范涵盖了在工业工厂使用的建筑工程中，管道系统（A/G＆U/G）的压力测试，排水和恢复压力的最低要求。压力测试应为静液压泄漏测试，仅在静水泄漏测试不切实际的情况下，气动泄漏测试可以替代，但应得到所有者事先批准。向大气开放的线条和系统，例如排水管，通风孔和开放安全阀排放，不需要压力测试。这些线应在视觉上检查，以确定所有关节都是正确组成的。
该规范涵盖非金属管道。该规范不涵盖压力容器，交换机，开火器中的管道和其他设备（包括包装）的测试，这些设备根据建造的代码和标准进行了测试。
所有建筑工作，测试和检查的所有必需设备，设备，工具，材料和劳动力均应由建筑承包商提供。beplay体育官网电脑
Sound engineering practices shall be followed in the absence of specified standards or specifications subject to Owner’s prior approval.
1。2。代码和标准 - 管道系统的压力测试
ASME B31.3：过程管道
ASME Sec. V: Non-Destructive Examination
1。3。RELATED ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
以下相关的工程规范用于此规范的补充。
Cleaning for Pipe线s
在spection and test of piping construction
1。4。RETEST - Pressure Test of Piping System
如果在压力测试之后进行了加法的维修，则应重新测试受影响的管道，除非，如果进行较小的维修或增加，所有者可能会在采取预防措施以确保声音构造时放弃重新测试。
1。5.单位 - 管道系统的压力测试
SI units shall be applied except nominal size of pipe and nozzle shall be in inches and flange rating shall be in pounds. “BEDD shall also be considered”.
2。SAFETY
2。1。现场管理人员应全力照顾和预防措施，以确保工人在执行工程期间防止事故的安全。
2。2。Especially the pneumatic testing involves the hazard due to possible release of energy stored in compressed gas. Therefore, particular care must be taken to minimize the chance of brittle failure of metals and thermoplastics.
2。3。Pressure testing shall be performed in presence of the Owner’s inspector.
2.4。Pressure testing shall be performed when the weather condition is suitable for inspection.
3。TEST FLUID - Pressure Test of Piping System
3.1。静液压测试
3.1.1。通常，测试应使用淡水或工业水进行静静力。水应具有合适的腐蚀抑制剂，以符合所有者批准。Where the use of sea water is unavoidable, agreement between Owner and Construction Contractor shall be made, before proceeding with the work. When sea water is used, quick draining and sufficient cleaning by fresh water shall be performed after completion of the testing.
3.1.2。Where atmospheric temperature is 0 ºC or below water shall not be used unless water is heated经过steam or other heat source, and maintained at temperature of 4ºC or above during the testing.
3.1.3。If there is a possibility of damage due to freezing, or if the operating fluid or piping material would be adversely affected by the water, any other suitable liquid such as oil or kerosene may be used with agreement between Owner and Construction Contractor.
3.1.4。用于测试包含不锈钢管道的系统系统，水的氯离子含量是指para。规格的8.5.7。0000-S1830-002
3.2。气动管路系统的测试,压力测试
通常，测试应使用空气进行气动。其他测试液的使用应符合所有者之间的一致性。气动测试应使用无油的空气进行。
4。TEST PREPARATION - Pressure Test of Piping System
4.1。CLEANING
4.1。1。测试应由合格的建筑承包商人员进行，他们对所有设备和测试都非常熟悉。
在测试之前，应清洁任何要测试的管道系统。并且所有关节（包括焊缝）应在测试期间保持不隔离并暴露于检查，除非先前根据该规范进行了测试的关节可以被隔离或覆盖。
建筑承包商应考虑临时垫圈（免费石棉）进行测试。
4.1.2。应检查管道的完整性和符合管道图纸和规格。
4.1.3。All required non-destructive testing (NDT) and soap tests of reinforcing rings shall be completed with results satisfactory to Owner.
4.1.4。所有者在确定该系统已经完整并准备好测试后，将发布所有用于冲洗和测试的管道系统。管道应使用百叶窗盖或插头分为测试系统。
4.1.5。测试系统中的所有仪器均应通过隔离或去除来排除冲洗 /测试。
4.1.6。在strument piping shall be tested up to the first block valve.
4.1.7。管道系统中的所有其他阀门均应保持开放位置。
4.1.8。All tests executed with day temperature or fluid temperature of 5°C and lower or when frost is expected during night and system may stay filled over night shall have anti-freeze. (Glycol)
4.1.9。Trash and construction debris shall be removed from the piping system by flushing with water or by blowing with air or nitrogen in line with the pressure test medium. All lines shall be completely free of weld slag and other foreign material and shall be reasonably clean.
4.1.10。
不允许冲洗设备或机械。冲洗应针对开放管道进行。
4.1。11.All flushing operations shall be carried out in the presence of Owner’s inspector.
4.1。12.Flushing water shall be drained through hoses locations as indicated by Owner.
4.1。13.在开始压力测试之前，承包商应准备并提交所有者批准详细的冲洗测试程序。
4.1。14.进行测试时，应通过测试人员连续监测该区域，以便将任何更改的测试程序或条件变化，并根据需要采取纠正措施。
4.1。15.应从分支围绕分支（喷嘴）的补偿环和钢筋垫中从讲故事的孔中取出塞子，并将孔留下开放的静水测试，以观察到任何泄漏。
4.1。16.Pressure test flow diagram shall be prepared by Construction Contractor. These diagrams shall show the system to be tested, the valves to be opened, and the equipment to be blanked with blind flanges and necessary instrumentation.
4.2。盲法和空白 - 管道系统的压力测试
4.2。1。如果需要将管道系统与测试中的设备断开连接，则应通过具有相同额定值的管道额定值来隔离管道的断开端，该法兰与要测试的管道系统具有相同的额定值。
4.2.2。如果要测试的管道系统是在一对伴随法兰上隔离的，则应在伴随法兰之间插入空白。毛坯的最小厚度应如表1所示。应保持记录显示所有测试百叶窗的位置以确保其去除。These blanks shall be supplied by Construction Contractor.
4.2.3。A grip shall be fixed to outside of the blank（盲法）用于测试，并应以红色绘画以区分其他空白。空白应在压力测试流程图上指示。
4.2.4。No testing shall be down against closed valves, blind flange or blanks. Instrument block valves shall be exempted from this rule.
4.2.5。For flanged control valves with block valves and a by-pass, if the test pressure upstream and down stream is the same, the block and by-pass valve shall be left open, with the control valve removed and blinds.
4.2.6。如果在控制阀的上游和向下的测试压力不同，则在上游位置的测试应在打开和遮挡的旁通阀打开，上游块阀打开并清除并卸下控制阀的情况下进行。
4.3。管道支撑元件 - 管道系统的压力测试
4.3.1。为蒸气或气体设计的管道应在必要时提供额外的临时支撑，以支撑测试液体的重量。
4.3.2。在进行管道系统测试的液体填充之前，应检查带有“向下行进停止”的弹簧将“停止”插入。从管道系统中排出测试液后，应在弹簧中取出“停止”。
4.4。VENT - Pressure Test of Piping System
在水上填充过程中，应通过将通风阀打开，直到水从它们喷出，从而从线路上取出空气。
4。5.压力测试计 - 管道系统的压力测试
4。5.1。二calibrated至少应在泵放电和其他合适位置提供指示压力表的拨号。
4。5.2.All gauges used shall be checked for accuracy.所有测试压力表应至少每两周定期定期校准。校准证书应在工作现场可用，所有仪表均应适当确定以实现校准认证的障碍。
4。5.3.测试压力应通过量规检查，其范围从零到预期最大测试压力的1.5至2倍。
4。5.4.压力表应在要测试的管道系统的最高和最低点处尽可能接近地点连接。在实用的地方，应将水柱的静态头放入account in the test pressure.
4。5.5.每当所有者要求时，应重复进行仪表的校准。
4。6.MISCELLANEOUS - Pressure Test of Piping System
4。6.1.在需要测试其服务流体（D类流体）的许可线下，可以根据Para进行初始服务泄漏测试。ASME B31.3的345.7代替静液压泄漏测试。It shall be subject to Owner prior approval.
4。6.2.高压气门这是校准的shall be provided in order that excess test pressure can be escaped.
4.6.3。包含止回阀的线应具有位于止回阀上游的管道中的压力来源，以便在座椅下施加压力。如果不可能，则应卸下或打开止回阀磁盘。
4.6.4。Expansion jointsof the sliding sleeve or bellows type如果需要额外的下载量后，应提供临时限制，或应与测试隔离。
4.6.5。在开始测试之前，应检查管道系统是否将所有阀圆盘都定位在合适的开放位置和封闭位置，并正确安装了通风孔和排水管以进行测试。
4.6.6。以下项目应隔离或将其挡在测试中。这些项目的现场测试在需要时被各自的规格涵盖；设备，机械，浮雕阀，破裂盘，火焰引导，流离失所仪表，旋转仪表，压力表，量规玻璃，滤镜，过滤器和过滤器元件以及靠近公差的控制阀。蒸汽陷阱，内部和任何不符合压力的物品。
-所有仪器控制管道沿第一个管道块阀的流量流
- 所有干扰填充，排气和排水的孔板应从测试中除去。
5.TEST PRESSURE
5.1。静液压测试-Pressure Test of Piping System
系统中任何一点的静水测试压力应如下。
5.1.1。测试压力不得小于1-1/2的1倍minimum设计压力，但根据ASME B16.5或ASME B16.47，不得超过法兰的最大允许测试压力。
5.1.2。The test pressure shall be corrected to take into account the line temperature as per clause 345.4.2 of ASME B31.3.
5.1.3。通常，测试压力应如“线名称表”中所示。
5.1.4。The following points shall be taken into account to determine the test pressure.
答：要测试的管道系统中最弱的组件。
B.在case that the piping system is tested together with equipment having lower test pressure than the system.
5.2.气动管路系统的测试,压力测试
5.2.1。If the piping is tested pneumatically, the test pressure shall be 110% of the design pressureof the system. If the test pressure exceeds 6 bars written approval of the Owner shall be obtained. Welds of piping subject to pneumatic strength test above 6 bars shall be %100 radio graphed.
5.2.2.测试温度在气动测试中很重要，在原始设计中选择材料时必须考虑。
6.TESTING PROCEDURES - Pressure Test of Piping System
6.1.静液压测试
6.1.1.应通过合适的测试泵或其他压力源来施加静液压测试压力，该泵应与系统积极隔离，直到准备进行测试。测试设备（静液压，气动等）应由所有者批准。
The pump shall be attended constantly during the test by an authorized operator. Whenever the pump is left un attended, it shall be positively disconnected from the system, while the pressure gauge remains connected to the test system.
6.1.2.静水压力测试的程序应如下指定：
一个。After filling the water and purging the air in the piping system to be tested, the pressure shall be increased gradually in the steps as shown in Table 2, maintaining for at least 3 minutes in each step to allow the equalization of strain during test and to check for leaks.
B.The test pressure shall be maintained for at least one hour prior to starting inspection and long enough to enable inspection of the complete test system by Owner.
6.1.3.
在寒冷地区的测试中，或离开管道系统液体填充物，应考虑到大气温度的变化，并应谨慎地考虑冻结或热膨胀。
6.1.4.The Construction Contractor shall be responsible for the supply of suitable pumps for the testing. As a minimum a high volume centrifugal pump for filling and a variable speed positive displacement, reciprocating pump, with sufficient discharge head and capacity for the pressurization shall be provided. The Construction Contractor shall provide chemical injection pump and means necessary for measuring of the inhibitor to be added to test water.
6.2.气动管路系统的测试,压力测试
6.2.Procedure for pneumatic test shall be as specified below:
The sequence of test pressurizing
一个。After evacuating all personnel from the test areaThe system shall be pressurized to 1.7 Bar G. and held for sufficient time to allow the piping to equalize strains (ten minutes minimum).All joints (threaded, socket welded, butt welded and flanged) shall be preliminary tested for leakage using the test solution.
B.Pressurize the system gradually to 60% of the indicated test pressure, and hold at that pressure for a sufficient length of time to allow the piping to equalize strains (ten minutes minimum).
C。将压力降低到指定的测试压力的50％，并重新测试所有关节以进行泄漏。
D在达到指定的测试压力之前，加压不超过10％。压力应在加压序列（使管道均衡应变）的每个步骤保持不少于十分钟。指定的测试压力应保持足够的时间允许所有接头的测试，然后应在检查泄漏之前将压力降低到设计压力。
E.Each reinforcing pad (or each segment thereof) and similar attachments shall be tested at a designated test pressure with air, a soap solution shall be used to detect air leaks. Test and vent holes shall be left open upon completion of the test.
6.2.2.A soap solution shall be applied to all screwed, weld and flanged joints undergoing pneumatic test.
6.2.3.Where line list or line designation table indicate pneumatic testing, no hydro testing shall be performed.
6.2.4.由于气动测试可能会在压缩气体中释放出来的能量，因此在加压和检查系统检查过程中应采取特殊的风险，以防止对人员或设备的任何危险以及管道易碎失败的机会。beplay体育官网电脑
在测试期间，应按照ASME B31.3的第345.5段的规定进行。
6.3.建筑承包商应确保在压力测试中未包含的预制管道由授权检查员认证。
6.4.在静水测试期间泄漏的焊缝或部分应修复，切割，重新焊接，X光片（如果需要）和线条应再次进行静静止测试。
6.5.All costs incurred in repairing defective or rejected work and all consequential heat treatment and additional examination costs are to be borne by the Construction Contractor.
7.压力释放 - 管道系统的压力测试
After completion of the test, the pressure shall be released so as not to endanger personnel or damage equipment. As a rule, releasing rate shall be 300 Kg/Sq.cmhr, but lining pipe, tower filled with catalyst, etc., shall be less than 25 Kg/Sq.cmhr.
8.排水
8.1.After completion of the test, the piping system including equipment to be tested shall be drained as completely as possible.
8.2。所有通风孔应在排水管道系统排干之前打开，并在排水期间保持打开状态，以防止在管道系统上拉真空。
8.3。排水后，根据图和规格删除所有临时百叶窗和空白，临时支撑和临时测试连接，并重新安装所有项目，例如控制阀，浮雕阀，破裂盘，孔口板等，这些项目已被删除以进行测试。重新安装这些物品时，请确保使用垫圈和螺栓的线条规范。测试的所有法兰接头应由建筑承包商提供的新临时垫片组成。
8.4。All drained lines shall be dried after testing by blowing through with dry oil free air.要特别注意，冬季不可能发生冰冻。
8.5。Owner will confirm when a line is considered dried by Construction Contractor.
After approval by Owner and reinstallation, the system shall be released for activities like, tracing, painting, insulation, etc.
9.外部压力管道 - 管道系统的压力测试
Piping subject to external pressure shall be tested an internal gage pressure 1.5 times the external differential pressure, but net less than 105kpa(15 PSi)
10。TEST RECORDS - Pressure Test of Piping System
Records shall be made for each piping system during the testing and these records shall include the following items.
A.测试和规范的范围
B.Identification of piping tested
C。Pressurizing apparatus
D.测试压力和测试持续时间
E. Test fluid
F. Date of test
G.证人的批准签名（所有者和建筑承包商代表）
H.负责测试人员的签名
I.关于缺陷的适用备注
J. Water temperature and chloride content
K. Design temperature and pressure
All tests satisfactory or not shall be record on the test form and complete set will be made part of the permanent job records.
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Return from Pressure Test of Piping System to Inspection for Industry Home
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